🌱 BEDS 1-4 COMPLETE 8-YEAR ROTATION PLAN 🌱

4 Beds (4'×8' each) • 128 sq ft total • Orcas Island, WA

YEAR 1 - ALLIACEAE (Garlic, Onions, Leeks, Shallots)

Month/Week Tasks Bed 1-2 (Garlic) Bed 3 (Bulb Onions) Bed 4 (Green Onions)
OCT (Yr 0) PLANT GARLIC Oct 15-30 Plant 128 cloves 6" apart, 4 rows. Mulch with straw. - -
Nov-Feb Winter growth Garlic grows slowly. Keep mulched. - -
March 1-15 Spring planting Add compost around garlic Plant onion sets 4" apart, 4-6 rows (48-96 sets) Plant green onion seeds 2" apart, 8 rows
Apr 1-15 Succession planting Garlic growing strongly Onions establishing 2nd planting green onions (succession)
May 1-15 Weeding, watering Garlic forming scapes Onions sizing up 3rd planting green onions
June 1-15 Harvest scapes! HARVEST SCAPES when curly (excellent eating!) Onions continue growing Harvest 1st planting, 4th planting
July 1-15 GARLIC HARVEST! HARVEST when 50% leaves brown (10-15 lbs). Cure 2-3 weeks. Onions ready mid-July Harvest 2nd planting, 5th planting
July 16-31 Replant beds immediately! Plant fall greens in garlic beds SAME DAY: Lettuce, spinach, arugula, Asian greens
Aug-Sep Harvest & succession Fall greens maturing Harvest onions when tops fall (15-20 lbs). Cure. Harvest 3rd-5th plantings
Oct Season extension Add row covers to fall greens. Harvest into Nov. Prepare beds for next year.

CRITICAL NOTES: Garlic planted in Oct Year 0, harvested July Year 1. Replant garlic beds IMMEDIATELY with fall crops! Green onions: succession every 3 weeks Mar-Aug for continuous harvest.

YEAR 2 - APIACEAE (Carrots, Celery, Parsnips, Cilantro)

Month/Week Tasks Beds 1-3 (Carrots) Bed 4 (Celery, Parsnips, Cilantro)
Mar 1-15 Soil prep, start indoors Add 2" compost. Rake smooth. Start celery indoors (10-12 weeks to transplant)
Apr 1-15 1st carrot planting Plant carrots 4 rows, 2" apart. Interplant radishes to mark rows (192 carrots/bed) Plant cilantro 4-6 rows, succession planting
Apr 16-30 2nd carrot succession 2nd planting Bed 1 (or half of Bed 2) Cilantro germinating
May 1-15 3rd carrot succession 3rd planting continuing succession Harvest radishes (25 days), thin cilantro
May 16-31 Transplant celery 4th planting carrots (half-bed) Transplant celery 8" apart, 2 rows (24 plants). 2nd cilantro
Jun 1-15 Final storage carrots FINAL planting for storage (harvest Oct-Nov). Thin to 2" spacing. Plant parsnips 3 rows, 3" apart (96 plants)
Jun 16-30 Thin & weed Begin harvesting 1st planting (60-70 days). Keep weeded! Celery growing, cilantro bolting (harvest leaves)
July Continuous harvest Harvest succession plantings as sized (8-12 lbs/bed) Cilantro goes to seed, celery sizing up
Aug Summer harvest Continue harvesting. Water storage carrots. Harvest celery (12-15 lbs). Parsnips growing.
Sep-Oct Storage harvest Harvest storage carrots before hard freeze (Oct-Nov). Store in cool location. Parsnips sweeten after frost
Oct-Nov Final harvest All carrots out by Nov Harvest parsnips after frost (10-15 lbs). Can overwinter.

CRITICAL NOTES: Succession plant carrots every 2-3 weeks Apr-Jun. Interplant radishes to mark rows (they germinate faster). Last planting by early June for fall storage. Parsnips need frost to sweeten!

YEAR 3 - CHENOPODIACEAE (Beets, Chard, Spinach)

Month/Week Tasks Bed 1-2 (Beets) Bed 3 (Chard) Bed 4 (Spinach)
Mar 1-15 Soil prep, early planting Add 2" compost Add 2" compost Plant spinach 4 rows, 3" apart (128 plants)
Mar 16-31 Succession planting - - 2nd spinach planting (succession)
Apr 1-15 Main planting Plant beets 4 rows, 3" apart (128/bed). Harvest tops as greens! Plant chard 3 rows, 6" apart (48 plants) 3rd spinach (every 2 weeks)
Apr 16-30 More succession Beets germinating Chard establishing 4th spinach planting
May 1-15 Thin & succession 2nd beet planting Bed 2 or half-bed. Thin to 3". Chard growing 5th spinach. Begin harvesting 1st!
May 16-31 Harvest begins Harvest beet greens (thinnings, outer leaves) Begin harvesting chard (outer leaves only) Harvest 2nd planting. SKIP summer (bolts)
Jun-Jul Summer harvest Harvest beet roots 1st planting (8-10 lbs). 3rd planting for fall. Continuous chard harvest (20-30 lbs/season!) Too hot - skip planting
Aug 1-15 Fall planting resumes Continue harvesting 2nd-3rd beets Chard continues producing Resume spinach plantings (1st fall)
Aug 16-31 Fall succession Harvest remaining beets Chard loves cool weather 2nd fall spinach (succession)
Sep-Oct Fall harvest Final beets out. Can store 2-3 months. Chard sweetens with frost! Harvest fall plantings. Add row covers.
Nov-Feb OVERWINTER! Beds cleared CHARD OVERWINTERS! Harvest all winter under row cover. Spinach under cover can last to Dec-Jan

CRITICAL NOTES: Swiss chard is your winter hero - overwinters beautifully and provides greens Nov-Mar! Harvest outer leaves only. Spinach: plant every 2 weeks spring, SKIP June-July (bolts), resume August. Beet greens = bonus harvest!

YEAR 4 - CUCURBITACEAE (Cucumbers, Summer Squash, Winter Squash)

Month/Week Tasks Bed 1 (Cucumbers) Bed 2-3 (Summer Squash) Bed 4 (Winter Squash)
Feb-Mar Winter/early spring Beds resting or with cover crops. Plan varieties!
Apr 1-15 Soil prep Add 2" compost + aged manure. Cucurbits are heavy feeders! Black plastic mulch optional (warms soil).
May 1-10 Start indoors Start cucumbers indoors May 1-10 (3-4 weeks) Start squash indoors May 1-10 (3-4 weeks) Start winter squash indoors May 1-10
May 16-31 TRANSPLANT (late May!) Transplant late May with protection (row cover, Wall O' Water). Trellis ready! Transplant late May 18" apart, 2 rows (10-12 plants/bed) Transplant late May 24" apart (4-6 plants)
Jun 1-15 Season extension Install trellis (5-6' tall). Train vines up. Keep row cover if still cool. Remove when flowering. Vines can sprawl outside beds! Train them out.
Jun 16-30 Flowering begins Flowers appearing. Hand-pollinate if few bees. Remove row cover for pollination. Side-dress compost. Vines growing strongly. Mulch paths.
Jul 1-15 HARVEST BEGINS! Harvest cucumbers when 6-8" (20-30 fruits/plant). Daily picking! Harvest squash when 6-8" (20-25 lbs/bed). Pick small! Fruits setting. 1-3 per plant.
Jul 16-31 Peak production Peak harvest! Check daily. Keep picked for more production. Peak harvest! Zucchini/yellow squash. Don't let get huge. Fruits sizing up (baseball → basketball)
Aug 1-15 Continued harvest Still producing. Watch for powdery mildew (milk spray 1:9). Slowing down. Some plants may succumb to vine borers. Fruits nearly full size. Changing color.
Aug 16-31 Late harvest Production slowing. Final pickings. Final harvest. Pull spent plants. Watch for color change (delicata, butternut)
Sep 1-30 WINTER SQUASH HARVEST Pull plants. Compost if disease-free. Beds clear Harvest before frost! Cure 2 weeks warm/dry (15-25 lbs)
Oct Cleanup & prep Remove all plant material. Add compost. Plant cover crop or garlic (if in rotation).

CRITICAL NOTES: Orcas springs are COOL - wait until late May to transplant! Use season extension (row covers, black plastic). Cucumbers MUST be trellised (space & disease prevention). Winter squash vines can grow outside beds. Harvest before first frost!

YEAR 5 - FABACEAE (Peas, Beans, Fava Beans) - NITROGEN FIXERS!

Month/Week Tasks Bed 1-2 (Peas) Bed 3 (Bush Beans) Bed 4 (Fava Beans)
Mar 1-15 EARLY PLANTING Plant peas ASAP (as soon as soil workable). 2-3 rows, 2" apart. Trellis ready! Too early for beans Plant fava beans 2 rows, 6" apart (32 plants/bed)
Apr Spring growth Peas climbing. Install trellis (5-6'). Inoculate with rhizobia if 1st time. Still too cold Favas growing strongly (cool-season crop)
May 1-15 Late frost risk Peas flowering. Side-dress compost lightly (they make their own N!) Prepare beds, add light compost Favas flowering (beautiful!)
May 16-31 BEAN PLANTING BEGINS Peas setting pods 1st bean planting MID-MAY 3 rows, 4" apart (72 plants) Fava pods forming
Jun 1-15 PEA HARVEST + 2nd BEANS HARVEST PEAS! Pick daily when plump (8-10 lbs/bed). Eat pods too! 2nd bean planting (succession, 2 weeks after 1st) HARVEST FAVAS when pods full (5-8 lbs). Shell or eat whole.
Jun 16-30 Bean succession Final peas. LEAVE ROOTS IN SOIL! Cut at ground level. 3rd bean planting (last succession) LEAVE ROOTS! Cut plants, add to compost (green tops)
Jul 1-15 BEAN HARVEST BEGINS Plant 2nd pea crop for fall (late July-early Aug) Harvest 1st planting! Pick every 2-3 days (5-8 lbs/bed) Bed clear. Plant fall crop or cover.
Jul 16-31 Peak harvest Fall peas growing Peak bean harvest. Keep picked for more production! -
Aug Succession harvest Fall peas flowering Harvest 2nd & 3rd plantings successively -
Sep Final bean harvest Fall peas ready! Harvest Sep-Oct. Final beans. LEAVE ROOTS! Pull tops only. -
Oct ROOT PRESERVATION! LEAVE PEA ROOTS! Cut at soil level. Add compost for next year's heavy feeders. Roots decomposing = nitrogen gift for Year 6 tomatoes/peppers!

CRITICAL NOTES: ⚠️ MUST LEAVE ROOTS IN SOIL! Legume roots contain nitrogen-fixing nodules - this feeds Year 6's tomatoes! Cut plants at ground level, don't pull. Peas: plant ASAP in March + late July for fall. Beans: wait until mid-May (soil 60°F+). Pick beans every 2-3 days!

YEAR 6 - SOLANACEAE (Tomatoes, Peppers, Eggplant)

Month/Week Tasks Beds 1-3 (Tomatoes) Bed 4 (Peppers/Eggplant)
Feb 15-28 START PEPPERS - Start peppers indoors (8-10 weeks to transplant). Heat mat + lights!
Mar 1-15 START TOMATOES Start tomatoes indoors Mar 1-15 (6-8 weeks). Early varieties: Stupice, Oregon Spring, Manitoba. Start eggplant if desired (8-10 weeks)
Apr Seedling care Grow under lights. Harden off last 2 weeks of May. Peppers growing slowly (need warmth)
May 1-15 Bed preparation Add 2" compost. Benefits from Year 5's legume roots! Black plastic mulch optional (highly recommended for Orcas).
May 16-31 TRANSPLANT w/PROTECTION Transplant LATE MAY 24" apart (4-8 plants/bed). Wall O' Water or row cover ESSENTIAL! Stake immediately. Transplant early June 18" apart (10-12 plants). Protection essential!
Jun 1-15 Season extension Keep protected until consistent 60°F+ nights. Remove lower leaves. Mulch. Keep warm. Won't grow much until warm weather.
Jun 16-30 Growth period Begin staking/tying. Remove suckers (indeterminate varieties). Side-dress compost. Finally growing! Flowers appearing.
Jul 1-15 Flowering/fruiting Flowers opening. Fruits setting. Consistent water critical! (blossom end rot prevention) Flowering. Hand-pollinate if needed (shake flowers).
Jul 16-31 Fruit development Green fruits sizing. Continue tying/pruning. Watch for hornworms! Small peppers forming
Aug 1-15 HARVEST BEGINS! First ripe tomatoes! Peak harvest mid-Aug to mid-Sep (25-40 lbs/bed). Pick regularly. Peppers ready! Can pick green or wait for color (10-15 lbs)
Aug 16-31 Peak production PEAK TOMATOES! Can, freeze, sauce, salsa. This is your moment! Peak pepper harvest. Some for fresh, some to freeze.
Sep 1-30 Final harvest Harvest continues. Pick all before first frost (Oct 2-15). Green tomatoes → salsa verde! Final peppers. Eggplant if planted.
Oct Cleanup Remove ALL plant material (disease prevention - do NOT compost!). Add compost to beds.

CRITICAL NOTES: Most challenging for Orcas! MUST use season extension (Wall O' Water, row covers, black plastic). Early varieties essential. Benefits hugely from Year 5's nitrogen-fixing legumes. Start indoors 6-10 weeks before transplant. DO NOT compost solanaceae plants (disease risk).

YEAR 7 - ASTERACEAE (Lettuce, Salad Mix, Endive)

Month/Week Tasks Bed 1-2 (Head Lettuce) Bed 3-4 (Salad Mix/Leaf Lettuce)
Mar 1-15 EARLY PLANTING Start indoors or direct seed under row cover. 4 rows, 12" apart (32 heads/bed). Direct seed salad mix broadcast or rows. Cut-and-come-again!
Mar 16-31 1st succession 2nd planting (every 2 weeks!) 2nd planting salad mix
Apr 1-15 2nd succession Transplant 1st planting if started indoors. 3rd sowing. 3rd planting. Begin harvesting 1st! (baby leaves)
Apr 16-30 3rd succession 4th planting. Harvesting begins! 4th planting. Continuous harvest!
May 1-15 4th succession 5th planting. Pick heads when sized. 5th planting. Cut-and-come-again (3-5 lbs/week!)
May 16-31 5th succession 6th planting. Peak spring harvest! 6th planting. Amazing production!
Jun 1-15 Final spring planting 7th planting (heat-tolerant varieties). Harvest continues. 7th planting (summer varieties)
Jun 16-30 SKIP JULY-AUGUST Too hot for lettuce! Let some bolt for seed saving. Harvest final spring crops. Beds can rest or plant quick greens.
Jul 1-31 Summer break Start fall lettuce indoors late July for August transplant. Or keep beds in arugula/quick greens.
Aug 1-15 FALL PLANTING RESUMES Start 1st fall planting indoors or direct seed 1st fall salad mix planting
Aug 16-31 Fall succession 2nd fall planting 2nd fall planting
Sep 1-30 Fall harvest begins 3rd planting. Harvest 1st fall crop. Perfect weather! 3rd planting. Excellent fall production!
Oct 1-15 SEASON EXTENSION Add row covers! 4th planting under cover. Row covers extend season! Harvest into Nov-Dec!
Oct 16-Dec WINTER LETTUCE! With row covers, can harvest lettuce Nov-Dec-Jan! Orcas is PERFECT for this. Plant winter varieties in Sep-Oct.

CRITICAL NOTES: Lettuce is your EASIEST crop for Orcas! Succession plant every 2 weeks Mar-Jun, SKIP Jul-Aug (too hot), resume Aug-Oct. With row covers, can harvest 10-11 months/year! Salad mix = highest value crop ($7.67/sq ft). Cut-and-come-again = multiple harvests from one planting!

YEAR 8 - BRASSICACEAE (Kale, Broccoli, Cabbage, Cauliflower, Radishes)

Month/Week Tasks Bed 1-2 (Kale) Bed 3 (Broccoli) Bed 4a (Cabbage/Cauli) Bed 4b (Radishes)
Mar 1-15 START INDOORS Start kale indoors (5-6 weeks) Start broccoli (5-6 weeks) Start cabbage/cauli (5-6 weeks) Direct seed radishes! 6-8 rows, 1" apart (288-384!)
Mar 16-31 Radish succession Growing indoors Growing indoors Growing indoors 2nd radish planting (every 2 weeks!)
Apr 1-15 TRANSPLANT SPRING Transplant kale 12" apart, 2 rows (16 plants/bed) Transplant broccoli 18" apart (10-12 plants) Transplant cabbage 18" apart (10-12) Harvest 1st radishes! (25 days). 3rd planting.
Apr 16-30 Growth period Kale establishing Broccoli growing Cabbage forming 4th radish. Harvest 2nd planting.
May Spring growth Begin harvesting kale (outer leaves) Broccoli heading up Heads forming 5th-6th radish. Continuous harvest!
Jun 1-15 START FALL CROPS Start 2nd kale indoors for fall Start fall broccoli - Skip planting (too hot)
Jun 16-30 Spring harvest Kale producing well Harvest broccoli! (main head + side shoots) Harvest spring cabbage when firm -
Jul 1-15 TRANSPLANT FALL Transplant fall kale to replace spring or new beds Transplant fall broccoli Pull spring crops, prepare for fall
Aug 1-15 Fall growth Both spring + fall kale producing! Fall broccoli growing - Resume radishes! (cooler weather)
Aug 16-31 Late summer Continuous kale harvest Broccoli heading Plant fall cabbage if desired Succession radishes
Sep-Oct Fall harvest Kale improving (loves cool!) Fall broccoli ready! Fall cabbage maturing Final radishes
Oct-Nov ADD ROW COVERS Kale SWEETENS with frost! Row covers extend to winter. Final broccoli Storage cabbage can last 3-6 months! Done for season
Nov-Feb OVERWINTER! KALE ALL WINTER! Harvest under row cover (10-15 lbs/bed) Beds cleared. Plan for Year 9 (returns to Alliaceae!).

CRITICAL NOTES: Brassicas THRIVE in Orcas maritime climate! Spring AND fall plantings. Kale overwinters beautifully - sweetens with frost. Radishes = fastest crop (25 days) - succession every 2 weeks. Row covers essential Oct-Mar. Watch for cabbage moths (Bt spray or row cover). After Year 8, rotation returns to Year 1 (Alliaceae)!

🔄 YEAR 9: Rotation returns to ALLIACEAE (Garlic, Onions, Leeks). Plant garlic in October of Year 8 for Year 9 harvest! The cycle continues infinitely!